Treatments for pharyngeal cancer

If you have pharyngeal cancer, your healthcare team will create a treatment plan just for you. It will be based on your health and specific information about the cancer. When deciding which treatments to offer for pharyngeal cancer, your healthcare team will consider:

  • the location of the tumour in the pharynx – where the tumour is in the nasopharynx, oropharynx or hypopharynx
  • the stage of the cancer
  • the size of the tumour
  • where the cancer has spread
  • the best way to preserve your breathing, swallowing and speech
  • your overall health
  • your lifestyle and what you prefer or want
  • if you have had other treatments and how well the cancer responded to them
  • if you would be a good candidate for a clinical trial

Expert review and references

  • American Cancer Society. Treating Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Cancer. 2021:
  • Machiels JP, Leemans CR, & Golusinski W. Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, larynx, oropharynx and hypopharynx: EHNS-ESMO-ESTRO clinical practices guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Annals of Oncology. 2020: 31(11): 146201475.
  • Mierzwa ML, Casper KA, Swiecicki PL. Oropharynx cancer. DeVita VT Jr, Lawrence TS, Rosenberg S. eds. DeVita Hellman and Rosenberg's Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology. 12th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer; 2023: Kindle version, chapter 26, https://read.amazon.ca/?asin=B0BG3DPT4Q&language=en-CA.
  • National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology: Head and Neck Cancer Version 2.2023. 2023: https://www.nccn.org/guidelines/category_1.
  • PDQ® Adult Treatment Editorial Board. Oropharyngeal Cancer Treatment (Adult) (PDQ®) – Health Professional. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute; 2023: https://www.cancer.gov/.

Treatments for nasopharyngeal cancer

Treatment for nasopharyngeal cancer may include radiation therapy and chemotherapy.

Treatments for oropharyngeal cancer

Treatment for oropharyngeal cancer may include surgery, radiation therapy or chemotherapy.

Treatments for hypopharyngeal cancer

Treatments for hypopharyngeal cancer include surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy.

Surgery for pharyngeal cancer

Surgery is a medical procedure to examine, remove or repair tissue. Pharyngeal cancer is usually treated with surgery.

Radiation therapy for pharyngeal cancer

Radiation therapy uses high-energy rays to destroy cancer cells. Pharyngeal cancer is often treated with radiation therapy.

Chemotherapy for pharyngeal cancer

Chemotherapy uses drugs to destroy cancer cells. Pharyngeal cancer is often treated with chemotherapy.

Targeted therapy for pharyngeal cancer

Targeted therapy uses drugs to target specific molecules on cancer cells or inside them. Pharyngeal cancer is sometimes treated with targeted therapy.

Immunotherapy for pharyngeal cancer

Pharyngeal cancer is sometimes treated with immunotherapy. It helps strengthen the immune system to fight cancer.

Follow-up after treatment for pharyngeal cancer

Follow-up is an important part of care for pharyngeal cancer. It often involves regular tests and visits with the healthcare team.

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