What is soft tissue sarcoma?

Last medical review:

Soft tissue sarcoma is a type of cancer that starts in the cells of the body’s connective and supporting tissue, such as fat, fibrous tissue, muscle, blood vessels, lymph vessels and nerves. These tissues surround, support and connect organs and other tissues in the body. A cancerous (malignant) tumour is a group of cancer cells that can grow into nearby tissue and destroy it. The tumour can also spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body.

Cells in soft tissues sometimes change and no longer grow or behave normally. These changes may lead to non-cancerous (benign) tumours such as lipomas and hemangiomas.

But in some cases, changes to soft tissue cells can cause a type of cancer called soft tissue sarcoma. There are more than 50 types of soft tissue sarcoma.

Soft tissue sarcomas can develop anywhere in the body. More than half develop in an arm or leg. Others usually develop in the abdomen, chest or head and neck area.

When a sarcoma starts in the bone, itʼs called bone cancer and is different from soft tissue sarcoma. Find out more about bone cancer.

Expert review and references

  • Michael Monument, MD, MSc, FRCSC
  • Ahrens W, Livingston M, Lopez R, Crimaldi AJ, Kneisl J. Uncommon Tumors of Soft Tissue. Raghavan D, Ahluwalia MS, Blanke CD, et al, eds.. Textbook of Uncommon Cancer . 5th ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Blackwell; 2017.
  • Samuel LC. Bone and soft tissue sarcomas. Yarbro CH, Wujcik D, Gobel B (eds.). Cancer Nursing: Principles and Practice. 8th ed. Burlington, MA: Jone & Bartlett Learning; 2018: Kindle version, chapter 46, https://read.amazon.ca/?asin=B01M6ZZEWT&ref_=kwl_kr_iv_rec_1.
  • Singer S, Tap WD, Kirsch DG, Agaram NP, D'Angelo SP, Crago AM. Soft Tissue Sarcoma. DeVita VT Jr, Lawrence TS, Rosenberg S. eds. DeVita Hellman and Rosenberg's Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology . 12th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer; 2023: Kindle version, [chapter 60], https://read.amazon.ca/?asin=B0BG3DPT4Q&language=en-CA.

The soft tissues

Soft tissue is found throughout the body. It carries out many important functions.

Types of soft tissue sarcoma

Liposarcoma, leiomyosarcoma and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma are the most common types of soft tissue sarcoma, but there are many rare types as well.

Non-cancerous soft tissue tumours

Lipoma is the most common non-cancerous soft tissue tumour. Other non-cancerous soft tissue tumours can also develop throughout the body.

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