Stages of parathyroid cancer

Last medical review:

Staging describes or classifies a cancer based on how much cancer there is in the body and where it is when first diagnosed. This is often called the extent of cancer. Many types of cancer have standard staging systems, but parathyroid cancer does not.

When describing the stage of parathyroid cancer, doctors usually use the words localized, metastatic or recurrent.

Localized means the cancer is in a parathyroid gland. It may have spread to nearby tissues, such as the muscle or the thyroid.

Metastatic means the cancer has spread to other parts of the body (called distant metastasis) such as to lymph nodes, the lungs or bone.

Recurrent means the cancer has come back after it has been treated. If it comes back, it is most often in the tissues or lymph nodes in the neck. It can also come back in another part of the body (called distant recurrence).

Expert review and references

  • Jesse Pasternak, MD, MPH, FRCSC
  • Landry CS, Wang TS, Asare EA, et al.. Parathyroid. Amin, MB (ed.). AJCC Cancer Staging Manual [use individual chapters use citation title and author]. 8th ed. Chicago, IL: American College of Surgeons; 2017: 75:911—918.
  • Hadoux J, Lamarca A, Grande E, Baudin E and Berruti A. Neuroendocrine neoplasms of head and neck, genitourinary and gynaecological systems, unknown primaries, parathyroid carcinomas and intrathyroid thymic neoplasms: ESMO Clinical Practice Guideline for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. ESMO Open. 2024: 6(10):103664.
  • Fingeret AL. Contemporary Evaluation and Management of Parathyroid Carcinoma. An American Society of Clinical Oncology Journal. 17(1):17—21.
  • PDQ Adult Treatment Editorial Board. Parathyroid Cancer Treatment (PDQ®)–Health Professional Version. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute; 2024. https://www.cancer.gov/.
  • Macmillan Cancer Support. Parathyroid Cancer. 2021. https://www.macmillan.org.uk/.

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